Define computer and Explain various components of computer ?
https://www.computersprofessor.com/2016/04/computer-architecture.html
Explain the block diagram of computer (or)
Define computer and explain various components exists in the computer? (or)
Explain the internal organization of computer?
Computer:
Computer:
A computer, can be defined as an electronic
device that is designed to accept data, perform the required mathematical and
logical operations at high speed, and output the result. We all have seen
computers in our homes, schools, and colleges. In fact, in today’s scenario, we
find computers in most aspects of our daily lives. In the past, computers were
extremely large in size and often required an entire room for installation.
These computer consumed enormous amounts of power and were too expensive to be
used for commercial applications. However, with technological advancements, the
size of computers became smaller and their energy requirements reduced
immensely.
Basic
Computer Organization:
|
A computer is an electronic device
that basically performs five major operations :
·
Accepting
data or instructions (input)
·
Storing
data
·
Processing
data
·
Displaying
results (output)
·
Controlling
and coordinating all operations inside a computer.
|
|
Input
:
This is the
process of entering data and instructions (also known as programs) in to the
computer system. The data and instructions can be entered by using different
input devices such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, and trackball. Note that
computers understand binary language, which consists of only two symbols (0
and 1), so it is the responsibility of the input devices to convert the input
data into binary codes.
Storage
:
It is the process
of saving data and instructions permanently in the computer so that they can
be used for processing. The computer storage space not only stores the data
and programs that operate on that data but also stores the intermediate
results and the final results of processing.
A computer has two types of storage
areas :
Primary
storage :
This,
also known as the main memory, is the storage area that is directly
accessible by the CPU at very high speeds. Primary storage space is very
expensive and therefore limited in capacity. Another drawback of main memory
is that it is volatile in nature; that is, as soon as the computer is
switched off, the information stored gets erased. An example of primary
storage is the RAM.
Secondary
storage :
Also
known as the secondary memory or auxiliary memory, this is just the opposite
of primary memory. It basically overcomes all the drawbacks of the primary
storage area. It is cheaper, non-volatile, and used to permanently store data
and programs of those jobs that are not being currently executed by the CPU.
Processing
:
The process of
performing operations on the data as per the instructions specified by the
user (program) is called processing. Data and instructions are taken from the
primary memory and transferred to the arithmetic and logical unit (ALU),
which performs all sorts of calculations. When the processing completes, the
final result is then transferred to the main memory.
Output
:
Output is the
process of giving the result of data processing to the outside world. The
results are given through output devices such as monitor and printer. Since
the computer accepts data only in the binary form and the result of
processing is also in the binary form, the result cannot be directly given to
the user. The output devices, therefore, convert the results available in
binary codes into a human-readable language before displaying it to the user.
Control
:
The control unit
(CU) is the central nervous system of the entire computer system. It manages
and controls all the components of the computers system. The CU decides the
manner in which instructions will be executed and operations performed. It takes
care of the step-by-step processing of all operations that are performed in
the computer. The CPU is a combination of the ALU and the CU. The CPU is
better known as the brain of the computer system because the entire
processing of data is done in the ALU, and the CU activates and monitors the
operations of other units (such as input, and storage) of the computer
system.
|