Explain what is Database ? (Or) Disucss the architecture of Database?
https://www.computersprofessor.com/2016/06/explain-what-is-database-or-disucss.html?m=0
A database is a
collection of organized information. The
information is stored in a database, is in the form of a table., arranged in a
file in the form of columns and rows. The data can be anything such as facts
and figures, which is useful and important. For example, it can be a name of a
person, name of city, or a telephone number.
When the data is useful
to the user, after processing, then it is called Information. Thus, the data
should be clear, meaningful and unambiguous. The data thus stored in the
database is used to maintain the database for any organization.
The English dictionary is
one of the good example of a database, where data is arranged in an
alphabetical order. Another example of database is a telephone directory, in
which the subscribes list is arranged in an order. The information in a
database can be used to store the data, process the data, and also can retrieve
(get back) the data at any point of time.
When you want to have a
database, first you need to plan and design the structure of the database. The
structure of the database contains field names, field types (data type), width
and decimals, if any. The fields are
identified by the field name and they are the individual items having its
datatype and integrity constraints.
Each column is known as a
field and collection of fields is called a record or row. The collection of all
records is known as a database.
Once the database is
designed, it requires to perform certain operations in it, such as
·
Inserting
new data into the database
·
Process
the data stored in the database
·
Modifications
/ updating for the data
·
Deletion
of unnecessary records
·
Re-organizing
the database either in Ascending or Descending order
·
Generating
the reports from the database etc.
When such a database requires to
perform the above operations frequently is called a Database Management System
(DBMS). For example, the following is a student information database, with the
following structure
Field
Name
|
Field
Type
|
Width
|
Decimal
|
STUCODE
|
N
|
4
|
-
|
FNAME
|
C
|
20
|
|
ADDRESS
|
C
|
30
|
|
CITY
|
C
|
15
|
|
TELNO
|
N
|
10
|
-
|
The table, after insertion of the data looks
as follows.
STUCODE
|
SNAME
|
FNAME
|
ADDRESS
|
CITY
|
TELNO
|
9543
|
Srinivas
|
Mohanrao
|
12-1-2/A
|
Hyderabad
|
684436343
|
9061
|
Vijay
Mathur
|
Gopalaraju
|
Ambika
Nagar
|
Vijayawada
|
865464546
|
9111
|
Anirudh
|
Anand
|
12-1/G7
Near Society
|
Kakinada
|
935565350
|
…..
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…..
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
….
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
STUDENT INFORMATION DATABASE
Therefore,
a DBMS is a collection of inter-related data stored in a database and the
collection of programs written by the Programmers, used to access the data
stored in the database. The primary goal of the database is, to provide an easy
environment to store the data, retrieve the data, update the data, process the
data and query the data at any time. The database is used for bulk storage of
information and an easy mechanism that should provide security and integrity
constraints.
DBMS is mainly consists of 4
components, as
1. Data 2. Hardware 3.
Software 4. Users
DATA:
The data should be clear, meaningful and unambiguous since it is shared
by different users and the system may be used by multiple users for different
tasks.
Hardware: The hardware should have
the required capacity to store software, large volume of the data in its
Hardware components such as magnetic disks, tapes.
Software: The software is a
collection of set of programs and physical database that share the database,
upon the software selection.
Users: The users are classified into 3 types, such
as
a) Application programmers
b) End Users
c) Database Administrators
Application Programmers: The Programmer’s are used to develop the
application programs for the database.
The End users are the actual people
who use the software and application programs developed by the Programmers.