What is an Operator in SQL? Explain different Operators available in SQL?
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What is an Operator in SQL?
An
operator is a reserved word or a character used primarily in an SQL statement's
WHERE clause to perform operation(s), such as comparisons and arithmetic
operations. These Operators are used to specify conditions in an SQL statement
and to serve as conjunctions for multiple conditions in a statement.
- Arithmetic operators Comparison operators Logical operators
- Operators used to negate
conditions
SQL Arithmetic Operators
Assume 'variable
a' holds 10 and 'variable b' holds 20, then −
Operator
|
Description
|
Example
|
+ (Addition)
|
Adds values on either side of the operator.
|
a + b will give 30
|
- (Subtraction)
|
Subtracts right hand operand from left hand
operand.
|
a - b will give -10
|
* (Multiplication)
|
Multiplies values on either side of the
operator.
|
a * b will give 200
|
/ (Division)
|
Divides left hand operand by right hand
operand.
|
b / a will give 2
|
% (Modulus)
|
Divides left hand operand by right hand
operand and returns remainder.
|
b % a will give 0
|
SQL Comparison Operators
Assume 'variable
a' holds 10 and 'variable b' holds 20, then −
Operator
|
Description
|
Example
|
=
|
Checks if the values of two operands are
equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.
|
(a = b) is not true.
|
!=
|
Checks if the values of two operands are
equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.
|
(a != b) is true.
|
<>
|
Checks if the values of two operands are
equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.
|
(a <> b) is true.
|
>
|
Checks if the value of left operand is
greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
|
(a > b) is not true.
|
<
|
Checks if the value of left operand is less
than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
|
(a < b) is true.
|
>=
|
Checks if the value of left operand is
greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition
becomes true.
|
(a >= b) is not true.
|
<=
|
Checks if the value of left operand is less
than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes
true.
|
(a <= b) is true.
|
!<
|
Checks if the value of left operand is not
less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
|
(a !< b) is false.
|
!>
|
Checks if the value of left operand is not
greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
|
(a !> b) is true.
|
SQL Logical Operators
Here is a
list of all the logical operators available in SQL.
BETWEEN
The
BETWEEN operator is used to search for values that are within a set of values,
given the minimum value and the maximum value
IN
The IN
operator is used to compare a value to a list of literal values that have been
specified.
AND
The AND
operator allows the existence of multiple conditions in an SQL statement's
WHERE clause
ALL
The ALL
operator is used to compare a value to all values in another value set.
IS NULL
The NULL operator is used to compare a value with a NULL value.
OR
The OR operator is used to combine multiple conditions in an SQL
statement's WHERE clause.
NOT
The NOT operator reverses the meaning of the logical operator with
which it is used. Eg: NOT EXISTS, NOT BETWEEN, NOT IN, etc. This is a
negate operator.
UNIQUE
The UNIQUE operator searches every row of a specified table for
uniqueness (no duplicates).
LIKE
The LIKE operator is used to compare a value to similar values
using wildcard operators.